https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics daily 0.75 2022-09-06 https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/what-makes-good-fish-habitat monthly 0.5 2022-09-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/f042b303-bdd1-44c1-b71b-731046a2b5a4/P5030014.JPG Science Topics - What Makes Good Fish Habitat? - Make it stand out This culvert is a fish barrier, due to its shallow flow and fish cannot jump into it from downstream. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/bbc6336a-ffa4-4372-a29c-65be0820af9f/IMG_20220817_105237.jpg Science Topics - What Makes Good Fish Habitat? - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/d0a19df4-c70a-4d2d-bcc6-61ca5d8dee9a/PB070010.JPG Science Topics - What Makes Good Fish Habitat? - Make it stand out Streamside forests provide shade, keeping the water cool in the summer. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/187ec2b5-925f-4949-8bfa-2e1568e59c50/P1010013.JPG Science Topics - What Makes Good Fish Habitat? - Make it stand out Logjams create some of the most complex stream habitat, providing cover, large variety of depth and streambed material, and variations in velocity. https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/project-one-2mfnf-xdg8g monthly 0.5 2021-05-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1622053984771-P89JSQC4Z2GVH72VPUE1/Inkedrra3421-fig-0001-m+a_LI.jpg Science Topics - Water, Sediment and Wood: the Three River Cornerstones - Make it stand out The Stream Evolution Triangle. Each corner represents a building block of the river channel: Biology (vegetation, including trees and logs); Geology (the rock and soil making up the bed and banks), and; Hydrology (moving water). Biology dominates where energy of moving water (stream power) is low, and vegetation (especially trees) is strong. Geology dominates where erosion resistance is high (e.g. bedrock, boulders) and vegetation is sparse. Hydrology dominates where there is lots of water moving rapidly (high energy), and erosion resistance is low (e.g. sandy soil, poor root structure, no large wood). Drawings are aerial views of different types of river channels, placed according to the relative importance of the three cornerstones in forming them. Arrows show flowing water; dark patches are sand or gravel bars, or vegetated islands if heavier stippling is present; dashed areas are boulder or cobble steps that span steep channels. From Castro and Thorne, 2019. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1621714286859-UBXT860H7MOWVS1H3DJ0/Ptolemaicsystem-small.png Science Topics - Water, Sediment and Wood: the Three River Cornerstones - Make it stand out Ancient Earth-centered view of the universe. Earth, covered by water, is in the center, surrounded by air, then fire. Next come the moon, planets and stars, in the realm of “quintessence” (the fifth element”) or “ether.” From Wikipedia: Peter Apian’s Cosmographica, Antwerp, 1539. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1621714600525-8USR376G1P04T1RVG309/River+triangle+diagram.jpg Science Topics - Water, Sediment and Wood: the Three River Cornerstones - Make it stand out The River Triangle. Water, Vegetation and Soil/Sediment interact to create the river channel. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1622051898403-5JPIBFRDS09CBG2RPQ1H/Inkedrra3421-fig-0003-m+c_LI.jpg Science Topics - Water, Sediment and Wood: the Three River Cornerstones - Make it stand out Impervious, or impermeable, surfaces create a condition where the energy of moving water, the “Hydrology,” dominates the stream channel. This is a feature of urban watersheds. By contrast, in a natural forested watershed, rainfall is slowed and detained as it falls through vegetation, and a much greater proportion percolates into the ground, moving much more slowly towards the stream channel. The result is to spread the runoff over a longer time, with a smaller, less extreme peak flow, and less erosive energy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1621991069938-DVEJQT7U4YMR5NEJ0FDE/Inkedrra3421-fig-0002-m+a_LI.jpg Science Topics - Water, Sediment and Wood: the Three River Cornerstones - Make it stand out Expansion of the “Geology” cornerstone dealing with material making up the bed and banks. From Castro and Thorne, 2019. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1622051031143-1J1R37AHLBI99UFNC0UI/Inkedrra3421-fig-0004-m+b_LI.jpg Science Topics - Water, Sediment and Wood: the Three River Cornerstones - Make it stand out Relative influence of the large-wood “Biology” cornerstone, with situation of greatest control near the (top) apex, and least influence near the opposite side (bottom). From Castro and Thorne, 2019. https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/hyporheic-zone-restoration-the-documentary-film monthly 0.5 2022-07-28 https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/project-four-5hax6 monthly 0.5 2021-02-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1613431453396-83GT44OY6MGLO460XZIP/Hoh_IslandBr1.PNG Science Topics - Logjams and Large Wood in Rivers Hoh River, Washington, from the air https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1613449063764-GPJXMLXD5H5A42O8GTMY/Stehekin+jam+art.png Science Topics - Logjams and Large Wood in Rivers “Stehekin River Logjam” by Paul Bakke https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1613422476043-W0I1HHHGCWMWRE2EPAYW/house_cottage_river_166728_2560x1440.jpg Science Topics - Logjams and Large Wood in Rivers https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1613422549750-1X9RUARW2WZI6YUGRMCX/P1010043.JPG Science Topics - Logjams and Large Wood in Rivers https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1613449214602-PBA0XHACQMGLTSQQZ3EM/File_000.jpeg Science Topics - Logjams and Large Wood in Rivers https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/hydrology-2-why-rivers-need-floods monthly 0.5 2021-02-12 https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/what-is-an-alluvial-river monthly 0.5 2020-12-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1591405878650-QU3BWAYZH50ISTKJKNBM/DSC00294.JPG Science Topics - What is an Alluvial River? Mil Creek, near Walla Walla, WA https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/river-channel-types-on-the-landscape monthly 0.5 2021-02-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1591491707818-1NEJVBQJHLSLI7LKXV6N/Geomorph+photo+rivers.jpg Science Topics - River Channel Types on the Landscape Idealized landscape, showing sequence of river channel types. Channel form is related to position in the landscape, which governs the dominant sediment movement processes. Adapted from FISRWG (10/1998), Stream Corridor Restoration https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/the-hyporheic-zone-3-effects-of-restoration-on-chemisty-and-biology monthly 0.5 2022-08-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/cdcb894e-2076-40bb-90fa-59d4d624c573/6PPD-quinone.png Science Topics - Hyporheic Zone Restoration 3: Water Chemisty and Biology - Make it stand out The molecule causing early spawner mortality https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1616462074731-ZAZMGOO5M6CZF2F9W9YH/Water-680619+photo+abstract_Thornton_Confluence_C_Pier_10-2019.jpg Science Topics - Hyporheic Zone Restoration 3: Water Chemisty and Biology Chinook salmon spawning on a plunge-pool structure at the Confluence Restoration Site, Thornton Creek, November, 2018. Photo by Chapin Pier, Seattle Public Utilities. https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/hyporheic-zone-restoration-2-results-of-the-bold-experiment monthly 0.5 2021-03-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1589662183628-4P8ZRODX6K305WK287FG/Fig9g_KFT+PZ+10_cm+081016_2.jpg Science Topics - Hyporheic Zone Restoration 2: Results of the Bold Experiment August 10 - 19, 2016 upwelling (blue dots) and downwelling (red dots) rates. Larger dots mean larger rates of flow. The creek flows from upper left to lower right, and north is up. The largest downwelling rate was 3.4 meters/day (11.1 feet per pay). Only one of the wells measured upwelling (0.31 meters/day or 1 foot/day), located at the far downstream end, where all of the hyporheic water had to suddenly re-emerge. Colored diamonds are floodplain wells. Red diamonds mean subsurface water is flowing away from the creek; blue diamonds indicate water flowing towards the creek. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1589660197119-7671U3YMPOEU3LTGBTI3/Fig10_KFT+bed+temps+2.jpg Science Topics - Hyporheic Zone Restoration 2: Results of the Bold Experiment Streambed temperature difference map of the Kingfisher restoration site. PP4 - PP6 are plunge-pool structures, and PW is a pocket water structure. Size of blue (upwelling) and red (downwelling) dots is proportional to strength of water movement. https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/can-the-hyporheic-zone-be-restored-constructing-a-bold-experiment monthly 0.5 2021-05-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1622055727302-FGZUY3CY08VRQ7CGTDV4/Fig1+w_km_scale_and_N_arrow.jpg Science Topics - Can the Hyporheic Zone be Restored? Designing and Constructing a Bold Experiment - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1622056070184-802PB8DTUHB3EDM0EOH4/Fig3d_KFT+Treatment+after.png Science Topics - Can the Hyporheic Zone be Restored? Designing and Constructing a Bold Experiment - Make it stand out Plunge-pool log structure, in November, 2014. The hyporheic zone beneath this structure extends down 8 feet (2.1 meters) beneath the streambed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1622057145176-2WOTDZN5GVUYUEHY95PS/DSCF1498.JPG Science Topics - Can the Hyporheic Zone be Restored? Designing and Constructing a Bold Experiment - Make it stand out Hyporheic water emerging from exposed streambed gravel downstream of a pocket-log structure, March, 2015. Water is emerging at lower left, and flowing towards the standing person. Burlap fabric was used to temporarily shield streambanks from erosion until vegetation regrowth. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1622056919141-KALUXSAI6HIRN7Z9WJB0/DSCF1497.JPG Science Topics - Can the Hyporheic Zone be Restored? Designing and Constructing a Bold Experiment - Make it stand out Pocket-water log structure. Hyporheic zone beneath this structure extends down 3 feet (90 centimeters). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1616461786197-VOEXPD3SLG0N9K9U30UU/Fig6_Plunge_pool.jpg Science Topics - Can the Hyporheic Zone be Restored? Designing and Constructing a Bold Experiment Cutaway view of a plunge-pool structure designed to greatly enhance hyporheic flow. The water is flowing left to right. Zigzag arrows indicate warm water (red) and cooler water (blue). https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/what-flow-is-that-from-hydraulics-to-hydrology monthly 0.5 2020-05-07 https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/a-world-beneath-the-streambed-the-hyporheic-zone monthly 0.5 2020-12-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1588713471898-15AILZ2JJEE2HO2QBXLU/Hyporheos+Tonina_Buffington+2009.jpg Science Topics - The Hyporheic Zone: A World Beneath the Streambed Illustration of the Hyporheic Zone, from D. Tonina and J. M. Buffington, 2009, Hyporheic Exchange in Mountain Rivers I: Mechanics and Environmental Effects. Geography Compass 3 (2009): 10.1111/j.1749-8198.2009.00226.x https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/reading-the-river-current-hydraulics monthly 0.5 2020-04-02 https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/9kgo920iyugtqae1tqpr4j3roburfi monthly 0.5 2020-06-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1585862819374-UN9UWZV6JWSNTZNQ9QI2/IMG_20200331_175233.jpg Science Topics - Basic Hydraulics 2: Critical Flow Shallow laminar, supercritical flow in a parking lot. Notice the gridwork of intersecting shock waves! https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/what-is-a-colluvial-river monthly 0.5 2021-02-12 https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/types-of-river-channels monthly 0.5 2022-01-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1585263960149-PLI51JZFBJ4YDPAQTTWW/P6200063.JPG Science Topics - Types of River Channels Nooksack River, Washington: an alluvial river https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1585264723589-9C0YH7X9B6YJOQ2QUERE/Blog+SHRG+fig+22_1-3+parts.jpg Science Topics - Types of River Channels https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1585264737837-K618AWJQD6PF6KSD5Q85/Blog+SHRG+fig+22_4-6+parts.jpg Science Topics - Types of River Channels https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1585264273315-WAGQ6OMYPNC8RCTMMWYD/Blog+alluvial+colluvial++photo.jpg Science Topics - Types of River Channels The Humptulips River (left) is a typical alluvial river, while Rush Creek (right) is an example of a non-alluvial river. Both are in Washington State. https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/topics/project-two-d3zs3 monthly 0.5 2021-03-02 https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/blog-1 daily 0.75 2022-03-26 https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/blog-1/under-construction monthly 0.5 2022-03-26 https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/blog-1/engineering-nature-innovative-streambed-restoration-in-seattle monthly 0.5 2022-03-26 https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/other-issues daily 0.75 2022-03-08 https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/other-issues/tips-for-good-outdoor-lighting monthly 0.5 2022-03-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/414f196e-e0f8-4c2b-96f1-2f8fc2d4e68b/Slide6.JPG Other Issues - Tips for Good Outdoor Lighting - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/50635745-0592-4e27-9788-9a67c0229c1d/DarkSkyImage4.jpg Other Issues - Tips for Good Outdoor Lighting - Make it stand out Photo of Toronto before and during a blackout. Photo Courtesy of Todd Carlson. Source: Inside Science, https://www.insidescience.org/news/light-or-not-light-our-skies https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/e5ddd2fd-6001-483e-a2c9-df7e276af487/Slide2.JPG Other Issues - Tips for Good Outdoor Lighting - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/7d5642fa-ab27-46cb-80e9-def55cc8175a/Slide7.JPG Other Issues - Tips for Good Outdoor Lighting - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/8fa7ccb1-10e0-4467-88b4-641b49ac1194/Slide9.JPG Other Issues - Tips for Good Outdoor Lighting - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/341a474c-c964-487f-9290-07678b1272bb/Slide5.JPG Other Issues - Tips for Good Outdoor Lighting - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/c5e33390-9c87-4b76-9ae5-ce4c7617e22f/Slide8.JPG Other Issues - Tips for Good Outdoor Lighting - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/c5d919dc-75d4-425e-85ad-e849996df3b3/IMG_0861.JPG Other Issues - Tips for Good Outdoor Lighting - Make it stand out “At night we were stained by dew, and shamed into pettiness by the innumerable silences of stars.” - T. E. Lawrence, Seven Pillars of Wisdom https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/753acb6a-ce42-428b-b609-5b9efec0e9be/Slide3.JPG Other Issues - Tips for Good Outdoor Lighting - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/cc58e518-a035-496f-bbe6-08229c7dcc4c/Slide4.JPG Other Issues - Tips for Good Outdoor Lighting - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/home daily 1.0 2021-05-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1585261200262-2GOE6OERC510CJEMZ804/Blog+Cover+photo.JPG Home - “We forget that the water cycle and the life cycle are one.” -Jacques Yves Cousteau All life depends on water, and it is with rivers that the land, and land creatures, including humans, are placed in contact with water, nearly everywhere. Our quality of life, and the continued existence of the ecosystems that we are a part of depend on the action of rivers. Rivers represent cleansing, renewal, replenishment, relief; life. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1585261945439-INCXETLAZRBZYUSYCXDJ/niceriparian.JPG Home - We have learned more about rivers in the last 70 years than in all the centuries before It is time for all the sciences that have studied rivers to come together into a coherent whole. It is time for state-of-the-art river science to become available to all. Only in this way will the natural functions of rivers be given a voice. Only in this way can we learn to live with, rather than in conflict with, our rivers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1585261200262-2GOE6OERC510CJEMZ804/Blog+Cover+photo.JPG Home - Changing our attitudes towards nature is possible. We have done it before. We learn from stories, and from example. Access to quality, science-based information is not the whole story, but it is a good foundation from which to start. It allows us to make sense of our stories, and to help others interpret theirs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5dc0bb2fc1027d7c227a9b75/1585261945439-INCXETLAZRBZYUSYCXDJ/niceriparian.JPG Home - Ready to take the plunge? Learn what it takes to protect rivers in a world where they are often misunderstood, feared or exploited unsustainably. Become one of the river literate! https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/about daily 0.75 2020-09-14 https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/other-resources daily 0.75 2019-11-05 https://www.thescienceofrivers.com/contact-us daily 0.75 2020-05-13